The large number of nationalist movements protesting against various types of colonial rule formed a major theme in this Big Era. In many cases European and American ideologies, especially Marxism and liberal democratic philosophy, exercised major influences on these movements and often caused some of them to splinter into competing factions. Leaders in each area had their own visions of how their independent state would look.
Most nationalist movements had elements in common. They sought sovereign independence for their territory; mobilized people on a mass scale; used newspapers, magazines, and radio to communicate with supporters; enjoyed help from overseas communities; and, to one degree or another, engaged in violent action. But each nationalist movement was also unique in its adaptation to local culture, history, and the nature of colonial rule.
This unit is important because the nationalist movements under study were largely successful. After World War II, the colonized peoples created a large number of new nation-states that have increased the world’s states to more than 190.
この時代には、さまざまな植民地支配に抗議する多くの民族運動が大きなテーマとなった。特にマルクス主義や自由民主主義といった欧米のイデオロギーが大きな影響を及ぼし、運動が分裂して派閥を形成することも少なくなかった。各地域の指導者たちは、自分たちの独立国家のあり方について、それぞれ独自のビジョンを持っていた。
多くの民族主義運動には共通点がある。独立を目指すこと、大規模な動員をかけること、新聞、雑誌、ラジオを活用すること、海外からの支援を受けること、そして、暴力的な行動をとることである。しかし、それぞれのナショナリストの運動は、地域の文化、歴史、植民地支配の性質に適応しているという点でも、ユニークであった。
この単元が重要なのは、研究対象となった民族主義運動が概ね成功したためである。第二次世界大戦後、植民地化された人々は、多数の新しい国民国家を作り出し、世界の国家は190以上に増えた。
Upon completing this unit, students will be able to:
1. Compare the goals, methods, and tactics of at least two nationalist movements in this unit.
2. Identify the various groups that participated in the movements and compare the roles of students, labor, peasants, and intellectuals in the various countries.
3. Analyze the role that violence, peaceful demonstrations, and political organizations played in nationalist movements.
4. Describe how colonial administrations, colonial educational policies, and indigenous cultural forms influenced various nationalist movements.
5. Analyze and compare how democracy, religious revival, and/or authoritarian rule emerged in the various nationalist movements.
6. Identify and compare the different visions leaders in each area had for their nation.
Lesson 1: Gandhi and Indian independence
Lesson 2: Vietnam seeks independence
Lesson 3: Korean independence
Lesson 4: Kenya and the Mau Mau
http://worldhistoryforusall.ss.ucla.edu/units/eight/landscape/08_landscape4.pdf
